Internet and Technology

2008 6 26 ? PTC has announced that through the PTC Education Program (PTCDesignQuestSchoolsProgram, as the PTC signed with the Ministry of Education Cooperation An important part of the memorandum) for the majority of pupils and students in education Solutions To help them improve their technological literacy, familiar with the engineering design process and methods, develop scientific thinking and innovation so as to the real world Technology Career preparation.

We all know, technology and business innovation are becoming the key to achieving a global competitive advantage. As a global leader in PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) vendor, PTC Education Program, not only active cooperation with many of the world’s universities, but also developed a set of custom learning solutions covering primary and secondary schools. For the general terms of primary and secondary schools, PTC through a special three-dimensional design to provide them with Software , Training and teaching materials on the machine, so that primary and secondary students were able to get the best product development education, training began in the growth stage technology literacy and innovation.

PTC Education Program The ultimate goal is to enable young people to understand the learning process fun and three-dimensional design techniques to enhance the students solve the problem, thinking and ability to collaborate with the team. Three-dimensional visualization of the design features of attracting students of varying ability, thus providing a new and natural means of communication, students can learn using logical thinking and spatial thinking to problem-solving skills.

PTCDesignQuestSchoolsProgram include: unpaid contributions by the PTC for teachers teaching and students to use the Pro / Engineer 3D design software, training, Teaching material , As well as for teachers of science and technology exchange forum.

On from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Dalian and Hong Kong, hundreds of technology areas such as teacher training, PTC solution for primary and secondary education programs received widespread support and recognition of General of Tianjin Education Research Guan Xi-Liang teaching and research director, said: “We are very pleased to establish a close cooperative relationship with PTC to help the students get the best engineering education and practical skills, colleges and universities across the country more innovative delivery Talent . Tianjin is now one of the first three-dimensional design course set up, and achieved good results. “The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of Technology and Design teachers in Hai-Yan Han said:” Thanks, PTC’s teaching and research activities of our design software and technical support to our teachers and students an early experience of the advanced design concepts for future science and technology world laid the foundation for success. “

PTC Global Education Sector senior vice president, said Mr. JohnStuart: “PTC is committed to creating a new generation of technology innovators, and innovation to help students gain more skills. We are delighted to become the world’s technological literacy a part of popular movements I hope educators around the world by providing software, training and course material, encouraging students to design innovative products for the future. “

Currently, more than 12,000 worldwide has more than 500 million students in secondary schools to use Pro / Engineer software, and we also welcome more teachers and students to education programs for PTC.

Article by jekky

With the constant expansion of the campus network and network applications increasing the network of teachers and students have become the main means of information the size of the campus network users from the rapid expansion of the previous several hundred to several thousand users and even a few million users more and more beginning to deploy Web applications network functions have an unprecedented importance Advanced computer network environment to enable teachers and students understand and master the advanced technology and to improve learning and teaching quality Hebei University of Technology is located in the capital of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang City Hebei Province multidisciplinary focus on building the backbone of the University School covers an area of 3200 mu building area of 700 000 square meters complete professional disciplines School personnel training has always adhered to the center focusing on innovative education practice and strive for the local economic construction and social development solid foundation of training knowledge breadth adaptability round physical and moral development innovative spirit and practical ability of the higher applied personnel New thinking safety first performance and management of both Creek Greeley has always maintained great importance to information technology and advanced information technology and commitment to achieve the effective integration of subject teaching Schools of the two existing parks were deployed campus backbone network but each time are based on increasing demand for network equipment so although the network to meet basic needs at the time but the lack of overall planning With the entire network of development and the emergence of the new agreement the original campus network shortcomings of prominent lack of planning but also to the overall network security and management to bring trouble Order to fully enhance the level of information to create high quality Web experience Hebei University of Technology are building a new campus uphold the quot safety first performance and management of balance quot thinking the new park through the deployment of the network as a whole as teachers and students to build more efficient communication platforms Campus students as the main service targets and explore their curiosity often want to network security and network management challenges According to the survey some students admired computer hackers and some people try to use a number of malicious programs has been the quot mischief quot which the new network security and management capabilities and a higher requirement Teaching concept to promote change in the way of teaching in the new era of education blackboard chalk is no longer a carrier of knowledge or tools present replaced by computer centered multimedia technology multimedia technology needs high performance network as a guarantee so high performance campus network construction is to be taken into account To decide first network security Order to maintain the advanced nature of the new campus network Hebei University of Technology use with vulnerable performance scalability strong backbone network solutions and compatible with future technologies and applications Hebei University of Technology for Campus Network Requirements Cisco plans for a campus network solutions the new network core layer Cisco Catalyst6509 switch Switch dual power single engine and provide a firewall module network intrusion protection module and network traffic analysis management module Catalyst6509 switches with high security stability and excellent ability to multi layer switching Aggregation layer switches use Cisco 39 s Catalyst3750 series Catalyst3750 industry leading ease of use and maximum redundancy enhanced stacking switches in the LAN efficiency Another highlight of the new network is the CS MARS system which allows IT personnel from a central location real time detection tracking analysis prevention reporting and storage of the entire campus network security incidents and attacks so smart to complete the analysis of complex data log and enhance network reliability New campus network step by step in line with the principle of overall planning so that we can solve the school funding deficiencies on the other hand to avoid waste of resources

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Computer application to load – flow study of the
 national 330kv transmission network
 (using newton – raphson technique)

                    1 James agajo 2 Sylvester Ehijie Ezewele  3 Awolo C. I.                         

                  Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering                                 

          Federal Polytechnic, Auchi,
               Edo state  Nigeria                                                

                                    Phone: +2348053312732                                                                       

           agajojul@yahoo.com 
                                     
                                                Abstract
Computer application to Load – flow or power – flow
studies involves the determination of the bus
voltages and their phase angles, actute and reactive
powers of a system. The Newton – Raphson method
as it is used in this project [Load flow studies of the
National 330Kv transmission Network] is based on
Taylor’s series and partial derivatives. And the
Jacobian matrix are formulated using this Newton –
Raphson technique. However, the application of
MATLAB program based on the Newton Raphson
method is used in the computation of the voltages
and the sinusoidal wave form of the three phase
voltages of the 330Kv transmission network is also
analyzed.
Keywords:      Voltage ‘V’, phase angle ‘d’, active
power ‘P’, Reactive power ‘Q’.  
 
1.0    INTRODUCTION

Because of large territorial extension of a typical power system, it’s interconnection with neighboring systems and its layered structure, a modern power system can be considered to be composed of several subsystems. Earlier standpoint on power system operation and control was based on underlying assumption of centrality. But a rigidly centralized monitoring and control of a large power system poses many problems load flow analysis or some variation of it has got an extensive use in the operation of modern power system. For an online load flow study, it is necessary to update some of its input data continuously and the output results are also to be used on a real time basis.

For a large power system it means a continuous collection of real time data form various points dispersed in a vast time data from various points dispersed in a vast geographical area, a continuous updating of a large data base and a continuous delivery of its output results to a large number of remote points. All these factors may seriously affect the reliability, speed and practicability of a monitoring and control scheme [1].

If computations for different subsystems of an integrated system are done concurrently using a number of processors, load–flow study can be done in a shorter time. If distributed processing is done in real time, data is to be collected from local points only and a comparatively smaller data base is to be updated locally at regular intervals. Transmission of data over long distance to the central processing computer is reduced when MATLAB is employed. The eastern part of the Nigeria 330Kv grid network consists of Onitsha – Newhaven (96 Km) 330kv transmission line, Onitsha – Alaoji (138km) 330kv transmission line and Alaoji – Afam (25km) 330kv transmission line [4]. The eastern part of the network takes its source from Benin, through the Benin – Onitsha (137km) 330 transmission line this location all in Nigeria. The performance of the transmission line depends on its four parameters; series inductance and resistance, shunt conductance and capacitance. These four parameters are uniform only distributed alone the line.

In a realistic power system, there are large numbers of buses, though; each bus is connected to only a small number of the remaining buses.

In a large power system, there is sparsity due to presents of zero elements. This sparsity help in reducing the bus admittances matrix, that the numbers of elements are minimized. Also, computer memory requirement is minimized, since only non – zero elements are to be stored. This resulted in high-speed computation.

1.1           ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

Load–flow studies are the essential and vital part of power system studies. Load flow studies are extremely important and essential for power system planning, designing, expansion design and for providing guidelines to power system engineers.

1.3             Importance Of Load – Flow Study In Power  System

Load–flow evaluations provides power flow and voltages for a specified capability of generators’ condensers and tap changing under load transformers as well as specified net interchange between individual operating systems.

1.4       Newton – Raphson Method as Applied to Load – Flow Studies

One of the methods applied to load – flow studies, which can easily be programmed and run in a digital computer is the Newton – Raphson techniques. The load – flow problem can be solved by using the Newton – Raphson technique. Among the numerous solution methods available for load flow studies, the Newton – Raphson technique is considered to be the most sophisticated and important. The Newton – Raphson technique is based on Taylor’s series and partial derivatives [3]. The method is recent, involves less number of iterations to reach convergence, takes less computer time, involves less computation cost and has convergence that is certain. The Newton – Raphson technique is very accurate, and it is independent of some factors like:

Swing bus selection
Transformer regulation and
Numbers of iterations.

The number of iterations needed in Newton – Raphson method is almost independent of the size of the power system.

Convergence can be achieved at a shorter time, if the first iteration is done through Gauss – Seidel technique and then use voltage value obtained for starting the Newton – Raphson iterations. These voltages obtained are used to evaluate active power (P) of every bus except the slack bus and also reactive power (Q) wherever reactive power is specified. The correction of bus voltage is determined by the difference between calculated and specified values. The process of iteration is continued till the difference in the specified and calculated values of the active power, reaction power and voltage magnitude are within the given permissible limit.

In Newton – Raphson technique, partial derivatives of second and higher order are neglected, this assumption requires the initial solution to be close to the final solution [2].

1.5       BUS CLASSIFICATION IN LOAD FLOW STUDIES

In load – flow studies, four quantities are associated with each bus, the four quantities are; active power (P), reactive power (Q), voltage magnitude /V/, and phase angle (d). In a load–flow problem, two of the four quantities are specified and the bus classification depends on the type of quantities specified at each bus. Base on the type of quantities specified, three types of buses are classified. They are;

1.5.1    Generation Bus

1.5.2  Slack or Swing Bus

The summary of the above discussion is given in the table below;

Table 1.1:           Bus classification

TYPE OF BUS

SPECIFIED QUANTITIES

UNKNOWN

Generation Bus

P,    /V/

Q,     d

Load Bus

P,     Q

/V/,  d

Slack Bus

/V/,  d

P,     Q

2.0    LOAD–FLOW EQUATIONS BASED ON NEWTON – RAPHSON  

        TECHNIQUE

Newton – Raphson method can be applied to load – flow problems in a number of ways. The most common is those that uses polar co – ordinates and rectangular coordinates. In practice, Newton – Raphson method using polar coordinates is used. This is because the use of polar form results in a smaller number of equations than the total numbers of equations involves in rectangular form [6]. In this project, only the polar coordinate form will be discussed.

2.1  NEWTON – RAPHSON TECHNIQUE USING POLAR  

       COORDINATES

When the bus voltages are expressed in polar form, Newton – Raphson technique can be applied to the load flow problem.

For any ith bus,

Vi  =  Vi ejdi   – -  – - – - – -  (2.1)

Taking the complex conjugate of equation 3.1, gives

Vi*  =  Vie-jdi   – - – - – - -   (2.2)

Vk  =  Vk  ejdk  – - – - – -  (2.3)

yik   =  yik e-jqik  – - – - -  (2.4)

Where d is the phase angle of the bus voltage and θik is admittance angle.

The complex conjugate of the power injected by the generating source is given as;

Si   =  Pi – j Qi  =  Vi    S    yik  Vk  – - – - -  (2.5)

Substituting the values of equations 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 into equation 3.5 gives

Pi – j Qi  =     S   Vi Vk yik e-j(θik + dI – dk)  – - – - – (2.6)

Thus,

Pi  =     S     Vi Vk yik Cos (θik  +  di  + dk ) – - – - – (2.7)

And,

Q  =    S   Vi Vk yik Sin (θik + di – dk)  – - – - (2.8)

For n = 2, 3, 4 – - – - n and slack bus is bus 1

The off – diagonal elements are

pi  =  Vi Vk yik Sin (θik + di – dk) for  J1  – - – - – -  (2.9

dk

pi  =  Vi  yik Cos (θik + di – dk) for J2    – - -  – -  (2.10)

 

Qi  =  Vi  Vk yik Cos (θik + di – dk) for J3    – - -  – -  (2.11)

Qi  =  Vi  yik Sin (θik + di – dk) for J4    – - -  – -  (2.12)

The diagonal element are:

pi  =    S    Vi Vk yik Sin (θik + di – dk) for J1    – -  – -  (2.13)di

pi  =   2Vi yii  Cos θii +    S   Vk yik Cos (θik + di – dk) for J2  

Vi           – -  – -  (2.14)Qi  =    S    Vi Vk yik  Cos (θik + di – dk) for J3   – - -  -  (2.15)  

pi  =   2Vi yii  Sin θii +    S    Vk yik Sin (θik + di – dk) for J4, 

Vi     - – - – - -  -  (2.16)

         

2.2  APPLICATION OF NEWTON – RAPHSON METHOD TO LOAD FLOW STUDIES OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE NATIONAL 330KV TRANSMISSION NETWORK

The eastern part of the national 330kv transmission network consists of Onitsha, Newhaven, Alaoji and Afam. For the purpose of this study, Afam (22) is taken as slack bus and given code as Bus 1, Alaoji (18) is taken as Bus 2, Onitsha (17) as Bus 3 and Newhaven (14) as Bus 4. The bus data for the system is given as

Bus Code

Pa

Qa

/V/

d 

PL

QL

Bus Type

1

4.51

0.00

1.03

0.00

0.44

0.21

Swing

2

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

2.76

1.34

Load

3

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

1.52

0.73

Load

4

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

1.32

0.64

Load

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2.0         Bus DataThe line admittance is given in the table below:                                                              

Bus Number

X(PU)

R(PU)

Z = R + jx

y = 1/z

1 – 2

0.0035

0.0005

0.0005 + j0.0035

40 – j280

2 – 3

0.419

0.0049

0.0049 + j0.0419

2.8 – j24

3 – 4

0.0296

0.0034

0.0034 + j0.0419

1.9 – j25

 

 

 

 

Table 2.1         Line Data   The Mutual – Admittances are computed as follows

y12  = y21  =  -40 + j280

y23  =  y32 = -28 + j24

y34  =  y43  =  -1.9 + j25

The Self – Admittances are computed as follows

y11  =  40 – j280

y22  =  y12 + y23 = 40 – j280 + 2.8 – j24 = 42.8 – j304

y33  =  y23  +  y34
y44  =  1.9 – j25
From equation 4.8
Q02  =  -V    V1 V21 Sin (q21 + d   - d   ) – V   V23 Sin
(θ23 + d   - d  ) – (V  ) y22 Sin q22
= -1.0  x  1.03  x  283 Sin 98 – 1.0  x  1.0  x  37 Sin 139
-12  x  307 sin (-82)= -288.7 – 2.4.3  +  304  =  -9
D Q    =  2.76 – (-9)  =  11.76
Q    =  -V    V2 y32 sin (q32 + d   – d  ) – V   V4 y34 Sin
(q34  + d   – d  ) – (V   )2  y33 Sin  q33
= -1 x 1 x 37 Sin 139 – 1 x 1 x 25 Sin 95 – 12 x 49 Sin (-85)
= -24.3 – 25  +  48.8  =  0.5 Q    =  0.73 – (-0.5)  =  1.23
Q    =  -V    V3 y43 Sin (q43  + d   – d   ) – (V  )2  y44 Sin q44
= -1 x 1 x 25 Sin 95 – 12 x 25 Sin (-85)= -24.9  +  24.9  =  0
D Q    =  0.64  +  0  =  0.64
Therefore,

D V    = 0.00368 x 11.76 – 0.00373 x 1.23 + 0.00373 x 0.64 =  0.04

D V    =  -0.00373 x 11.76 + 0.0458 x 123 – 0.0458 x 0.64= 0.017

D V    =  000373 x 11.76 – 0.0458 x 1.23 + 0.0859 x 0.64

= 0.04

Hence,V    =  V    + D V    = 1.00 + 0.04  =  1.04 Pu

V    =  V    + D V     =  1.00 – 0.017  =  0.983 pu

V    =  V   + D V    =  1.00 + 0.04  =  1.04 pu

                                                                                                           

3.0  SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Since we are determining the magnitude of voltages, partial derivatives of the reactive power with respect to voltage magnitude is considered when formulating the Jacobian’s – Matrix. This is so because the flow of reactive power (Q) is not much affected by the changes in the phase angle (d), but affected by the variation in magnitude of bus voltage (DV).

The elements of Jocobian’s matrix are formulated with latest voltages given and computed power (reactive). However, manual computation of load – flow done using Newton – Raphson method is very complex and it very easy and simple. This is shown in Appendix one, which is the MATLAB code that generates computed voltages. The MATLAB program for Newton – Raphson is simpler and contains few lines when compared with MATLAB program for Gauss – Seidel method.

The sinusoidal wave form of the three phase voltage of the 330Kv transmission network is analyzed in appendix two, using MATLAB subplot command.

The beauty of the work – done is the fast convergences of computed values.

Finally, the values obtained when MATLAB is used are in accordance with the once obtained using numerical analysis (Newton – Raphson Technique in polar coordinates to show the bus voltage angles). These values converge with the specified values from PHCN data book, see appendix.

4.0   CONCLUSION AND

Load – flow studies is extremely important and essential in power system analysis. It provides (1) guide line to power system engineers and acts as operating instructor to generating station and substation for relay settings, switching sequence, loading, tap – setting etc.

Informations obtained from load flow studies are used in analyzing the effect of temporary loss of generating station or transmission path on the power flow. Also it help in preparing software for on line operation, control and monitoring of power system.

When digital computers are employed in load – flow studies, it is important to use the Newton – Raphson method.

            RECOMMENDATIONS

i.          Accurate and effective load – flow studies should be done to provide required information for power system operation.

ii.         The initial solution for the values obtained should not be very for from the actual solution.

iii.        The Newton – Raphson method should be analyze by using computer program such as MATLAB.

REFERENCE

[1]        Gupta, J.B. A Course in Power Systems, Tenth Edition, S.K. Kataria & Sons, 2006.

[2]        Gupta, B.R. Power System Analysis and Design, Second Edition, Whereler Puplishing 1997.

[3]        Stevenso, William D, Elemement of Power System Analysis, Second Edition, Mchraw Hill Book    Company,     New York, 1962.

[4]        Anazia, E. Lecture Note on Power System analysis.

[5]        www. Weley. Com

[6]        Suml S. Rao, Switchgear Protection and Power Systems, Eleventh Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2004.

[7]        www. Synergetix. Com/tech/source book/material.

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Generating leads for your Network Marketing business is much easier when you use Social Networking sites. They are excellent places to connect with people that have similar interests and build relationships that can lead to business partnerships.
Every network marketer knows they need as many quality leads for their downline as they can find. Let’s take a look at how you can use this new social tool to generate fresh leads for your business on the Internet.
The key point in a social networking site is that people enjoy building relationships within a community of other people with similar interests and opinions. The networking aspect comes into play because you can recommend products or opportunities that you are involved in a natural way. You will be more trusted because you are a friend as opposed to someone trying to sell them something.
This does take some work on your part by getting to know people and developing relationships with them. There is no sense trying to join a social networking site strictly for the purpose of building your business, because you will come across as a phony.
There really is no limit to the potential that your business can derive from these sites just based on the sheer number of registered users. For example Facebook has over 100 million registered users which is an astounding number. My Space has twice as many as that.
Another form of networking can come through social directories such as Digg, or Stumbleupon. These directories serve as an excellent way to meet people and a place for you to bookmark a blog post for both the reader and the search engines to find. This bookmarking can lead to potential visitors and future leads for your network marketing business as well.
One key aspect that makes social networking sites so popular is that you can do it without spending a lot of money. Your only real investment is the time that it takes to hang out and socialize with other members and become a social network marketer. Over time this can pay off by attracting new leads and network marketing business partners.
The Internet continues to move at almost lightning speed. Tomorrow there will be new innovations that will even help take your MLM business to heights you never imagined possible.
However, today the one thing that is certain is that socializing is a perfect complement to a network marketing business. Some of the top network and internet marketers are learning how to utilize this to their full advantage.

The explosion of online social networks like Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn has opened up a whole new world of marketing. These social networks create new realms of possibility in the realm of online marketing, as it enables (at a minimal cost) a massive word-of-mouth campaign. As word-of-mouth is the most effective form of advertising, it’s no wonder that so many companies of all sizes are interested in social network marketing.The earliest and still most common form of marketing on social networks is to simply create a presence on the social network. Many corporations, charities, bands and other organizations have an account on the social network, and one or more employees is tasked with maintaining this social presence. Through the social network, the organization can announce to it’s many friends and customers what new products and services they are offering, in addition to enabling customers to have a more personal relationship with them. This is free and productive, however it does not have much of an effect and many corporations are seeking other options.The best way to market via social networks is to encourage participation. Many companies have found that by taking suggestions, running contests and otherwise bringing the members of the social network in, they can greatly increase customer loyalty. It also permits companies to quickly “crowd source” projects such as logos or new food flavors.One last way many organizations use social networks is for “Astroturfing,” which is when an organization works to make the appearance of a grassroots organization when actually they are using a network of company agents to advertise a product or service. This is often against the terms of service of the social network, and it also often leads to severe backlash. Many modern consumers will see astroturfing as lying to them, and so it is a tactic best avoided.

Baby Boomer Social Network Catches Fire—2900% Growth

Lifesmine.com, considered by many to be the fastest growing social network of its kind, has recently been experiencing explosive growth as more and more people over 40 years of age are catching onto the hottest trend on the internet–social networking. In just the past few weeks, Lifesmine’s internet reach, as tracked by Alexa a subsidiary of Amazon.com, has grown by 2900%. While growth is slowing at most top Internet sites, it is skyrocketing at sites focused on social networking, blogging and local information.

The dramatic success of those Internet categories is apparent from a recent online-traffic analysis provided by market research firm ComScore Media Metrix, which examined visitor growth rates among the 50 top Web sites over the past year. As of December 2006, it was a busy month for social networks across the board. In September, one in 20 U.S. Internet visits included a stop at a leading social network, almost twice the rate of a year before.

Lifesmine’s (www.lifesmine.com) phenomenal growth is even more impressive when compared with many of the social network industry leaders. The five fastest growing social networks, other than Lifesmine, identified during a recent tracking period include Bolt (271%), Bebo (95%), Orkut (63%), MySpace (51%), and Gaia Online (41%). In an industry where high growth is the rule, Lifesmine.com’s expansion dwarfs all the others.

The recent success of Lifesmine is also important considering what a recent national analyst said about the social network business model in general. “In order for a social networking site to be successful, it must attain a critical mass, and competition is fierce to attract new member,.” said Jill Meyers, an Analyst with In-Stat. “So far, sites have focused their attention on a younger demographic, which is finite, fickle and limited in expendable income,” she added. Recent In-Stat research finds that the biggest American generation, the baby boomers, is frequently overlooked.

Baby Boomers are one of the two age groups that Lifesmine CEO Larry Lutvak has focused on in terms of his efforts to build a strong company. “We know that adults from 40-60 years old are in the midst of an entertainment transition,” stated Lutvak from his Tampa Bay area offices. “High speed bandwidth and cheaper computer costs are driving internet usage and more and more people are choosing social networking as a way to meet new people and spend their time,” he added.

Lutvak also cited the recent strategic adjustments by Facebook as regards their renewed focus on the 35 and up marketplace. “We could see that advertisers wanted to see an evolution in social networking towards more mature age groups”, said Lutvak.

Observers have lauded Facebook for attracting an increasing number of business and professional users and more consumers in the 35-plus age categories than is usual for networking sites, which often skew younger. All this should mean growing advertising revenue for the site.

Industry experts have also said a broader base of investors seems ready to embrace social networks, citing as evidence the networks’ rapid growth and funding rounds by venture firms and rich individuals. A recent case in point: the $40 million raised by Ning, an online service that allows consumers to create their own social network “for free in seconds,” according to its Web site. Netscape pioneer Marc Andreessen is one of its co-founders.

All of this bodes well for Lifesmine.com provided they continue to grow rapidly. The company is using a combination of Google pay par click advertising and consumer generated online publicity to add new subscribers. With general internet user trends pointing to continued growth of internet penetration by Baby Boomer, Lifesmine.com is poised to enjoy even more growth.

Robert Cefail

Editor-In-Chief

Press Direct International