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Reach Cheap Broadband Providers to Enjoy Low Cost Services

Thu, 01 Jul 2010 10:43:02 +0000

When you are hooked to the internet and the tasks that you have take a lot of time on your dial up connection, it is high time that you switched your internet service provider. Since there are numerous problems which users face while using dial up or cable connections, it is better to opt for broadband internet. Nowadays, there are numerous cheap broadband providers that bring down your cost and also improve the quality of your services easily. Broadband services ensure the internet users face no problems in using the internet. Also, they get an enhanced speed, of up to 24Mbps according to their need. No problems occur in connectivity too even on busy days and peak hours. Added services like anti-virus protection, television, mobile connectivity etc can also be obtained in the same package or at a separate cost. Through cheap broadband providers, the best broadband deals can now be obtained at a very low cost and the users do not find broadband services as a burden too. Depending upon the package that you require, the deals offer variable speeds of downloading and bandwidths which you find suited to your requirement of using the internet. Numerous leading players in the broadband market have emerged like Homecall broadband, Virgin Broadband, Wanadoo Broadband, BT Broadband, AOL Broadband etc. It is due to the excellent services that are provided by these providers that the costs have been reduced greatly to suit the common man’s needs. Various cheap broadband providers have come up so as to provide low cost deals for the users. Such deals can be compared online so as to get the lowest cost opportunities and still enjoying all the services that you need. This makes it easy for the average user to afford cheap broadband providers and be updated with the best of technology and speed. The best deals for broadband can now be obtained easily through cheap broadband providers. Access to the internet has now become very speedy and fast with the availability of broadband services.

No Cost Google Ads

Tue, 09 Mar 2010 10:12:39 +0000

The Shot Heard Around the World: Google’s Endorsement of “Get Google Ads Free!”
I recently had a chance to interview the fine team of professionals at WebBusinessSecrets.com whose flagship product is entitled “Get Google Ads Free.”
In April of 2007 “Get Google Ads Free” was launched, and the effect was nothing less than equal to “the shot heard around the world!”
Within just weeks people everywhere were talking about it, andother top-notch online marketers were scurrying to sell it as an Affiliate for the company.
But here’s a little insight that 99.9% of everyone the world over doesn’t know:
The Product’s greatest endorser is none other than Google itself!
That’s right. As shocking as it may seem, Google has NO problem with the course that reveals how anyone can get ads on their search engine for Free!
Now, at this point I know you must be curious as to how such a thing is possible, as Google makes its money from the sale of both AdWords (PPCs) and AdSense (where webmasters allow Google to show their ads on their pages).
One might think that any information that revealed how an advertiser could get their AdWords pay-per-clicks free would be damaging to Google, and therefore Google would not want anyone finding out about it, right?
WRONG! It seems that the secret system developed by the retired native New York doctor contains an interesting “twist” that while allowing advertisers to eliminate their AdWords costs, it does not reduce a single dollar in AdWords revenue for Google.
In fact, just the opposite!
I cannot give away the secret here because that’s why it’s for sale in the first place.
But I can tell you that with the application of what’s inside “Get Google Ads Free” that:
– Google loses NO money – Google actually can make even more M0NEY! – Advertisers gain an instant almost unfair advantage over anyone not knowing what’s inside “Get Google Ads Free!” – Advertisers can now afford to outbid their competition! – Advertisers are not at risk any longer as their advertising    budgets no longer matter!
Wow! And this is just the beginning!
Now, where’s the definitive PROOF that Google endorses the amazing system shown in “Get Google Ads Free?”
I asked this question to company spokesperson and Vice President of Sales & Marketing, Mr Todd Coutrin, to which he responded:
   “We started our launch like we always do with any product online, using Google AdWords to offer our Product.
   “We used keywords that contained the word ‘free’ so we anticipated the usual HOLD these keywords usually cause any campaign using them to experience.
   “But when our campaign was paused by Google for a tad more time than what we regularly anticipated, then we got concerned.
   “I actually placed a call directly to Google at 1-866-2-GOOGLE and spoke at length with a customer services rep who said she’d check into what was happening.
   “She returned my call 16 hours later and informed me that due to the specific nature of the Product in question (i.e., the ebook “Get Google Ads Free!”) their team at Google secured the product, read it all the way through, and then realizing it would NOT hurt their revenue but actually increase it, they immediately un-paused and resumed our ads”
Amazing! They actually got what amounts to a Signed Certificate of APPROVAL from Google itself!
Therefore, anyone who questions the truth or legality concerning “Get Google Ads Free!” need not fret at all.
Yet, the usual “naysayers” seemed to ignore the obvious fact thatif Google had a problem with “Get Google Ads Free!” then we all wouldn’t be seeing all the PPC ads at Google each time we type inthe keywords and phrases:
- free ads- free advertising- “Get Google Ads Free”- free ppc- free adwords
And so forth!
Yet, there are many very stubborn, even foolish, among us …
> The “Crybaby Syndrome <
To be fair, I must also inform you of those who seem to be out to get the company for sharing their amazing secret with the world.
In what seems nothing more than a ploy to get attention, a UK online firm operated by two "wanna-be" law students have a Blog that talks the usual trash about the Product.
The Blog's owner, Rob Scott, talks a big game by claiming the secret system to be nothing short of a scam! He even recklessly throws around the potentially libelous phrase ".con (Ooops, Imeant .com)" as an attempt at childish humor in order to bash the firm's name.
What's shocking is that this individual is actually a student of law (at least that's what he claims) so one would think that he should perhaps check out the facts before proceeding with such careless remarks.
After all, he admits severally that he "never even ordered the ebook" so how could he truly know one way or the other if it was a valid system - not to mention it is assumed he's at least reasonably intelligent since (according to him) he got into law school, that he would be able to see for himself the firm's Affiliates' ads all over Google, and therefore reason that Google itself is perhaps the firm's chief supporter.
But stubbornness abounds, I suppose.
Ironically Rob says that the only reason he attacks the firm is because "it's a no brainer that this must be a scam," and he got "tired of seeing all those little AdSense ads on his page that people kept clicking on" (which by the way only stood to make him lots of M0NEY!) -- yet he accepts donations on his site as a poor, struggling law student in need of paying for his education, and rather than legitimately earn an income from AdSense with an APPROVED Product.
Sadly, Rob actually censors most of his Blog so that others who wish to post POSITIVES concerning "Get Google Ads Free!" can't even do so. (But what would you expect from a "wanna-be" lawyer?)
He even posts what appears to be an actual response by the firm's lawyer, but which is perhaps nothing more than his own posts disguised and designed to make himself look better (as anyone can see that the dialogue appears "manufactured" instead of genuine).
What some people will do to project themselves as "Savior to the rest of us" and "The People's Advocate." How ridiculous indeed.
Despite the "crybaby" from across the pond, Rob Snot (Ooops! I must have meant Rob Scott!) has failed miserably to put even a dent in the firm's sales!
Plus, traffic is on the rise shooting up from an average of 14,000 visitors daily to now well above 20,000 visitors daily (an increase of 42% in daily traffic alone! -- Keep up the good work, Rob!!)
Anyway, don't be dissuaded in your decision to build your online business by eliminating your Google AdWords costs, as the course "Get Google Ads Free!" not only reveals precisely how you can do this, but it goes 10 steps further by giving you all kinds of other amazing strategies I can't even begin to allude to here.
Plus, the e-Course comes with countless resources that go far beyond the usual variety of instantly-clickable extra values!
Lastly never forget that even though quite elderly now, Dr Jon Cohen has even set new records finishing ahead of himself by now having:
- Grossed over $400 Million in revenues!!- and SAVED over $100 Million in Google advertising costs!!- attained a personal wealth above $80 million
...all due to his own system!
   *NOTE: Rob Scott is broke and demands donations! (Ha!)
Talk about putting your money where your mouth is!!
So if you'd like to get in on all the action, then go grab this amazing "BREAKTHROUGH" for yourself only at:http://www.meaghermarketing.net/freegoogle.htm
As one very famous Internet Marketer said it best:
"This is a weapon that should be in every Internet and Affiliate Marketer's arsenal and library!"
Get it directly from the good doctor himself!

Software Maintenance Implications on Cost and Schedule

Sat, 07 Nov 2009 16:01:16 +0000

Abstract
The dictionary defines maintenance as, “The work of keeping something in proper order.” However, this definition does not necessarily fit for software. Software maintenance is different from hardware maintenance because software doesn’t physically wear out, but often gets less useful with age. Software is typically delivered with undiscovered flaws. Therefore, software maintenance is: “The process of modifying existing operational software while leaving its primary functions intact.” Maintenance typically exceeds fifty percent of the systems’ life cycle cost . While software maintenance can be treated as a level of effort activity, there are consequences on quality, functionality, reliability, cost and schedule that can be mitigated through the use of parametric estimation techniques.
1. INTRODUCTION
One of the greatest challenges facing software engineers is the management of change control. It has been estimated that the cost of change control can be between 40% and 70% of the life cycle costs . Software engineers have hoped that new languages and new process would greatly reduce these numbers; however this has not been the case. Fundamentally this is because software is still delivered with a significant number of defects. Capers Jones estimates that there are about 5 bugs per Function Point created during Development . Watts Humphrey found “… even experienced software engineers normally inject 100 or more defects per KSLOC . Capers Jones says, “A series of studies the defect density of software ranges from 49.5 to 94.5 errors per thousand lines of code .” The purpose of this article is to first review the fundamentals of software maintenance and to present alternative approaches to estimating software maintenance. A key element to note is that development and management decisions made during the development process can significantly affect the developmental cost and the resulting maintenance costs.
2. SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
Maintenance activities include all work carried out post-delivery and should be distinguished from block modifications which represent significant design and development effort and supersede a previously released software package. These maintenance activities can be quite diverse, and it helps to identify exactly what post-delivery activities are to be included in an estimate of maintenance effort. Maintenance activities, once defined, may be evaluated in a quite different light than when called simply “maintenance”. Software maintenance is different from hardware maintenance because software doesn’t physically wear out, but software often gets less useful with age and it may be delivered with undiscovered flaws. In addition to the undiscovered flaws, it is common that some number of known defects pass from the development organization to the maintenance group. Accurate estimation of the effort required to maintain delivered software is aided by the decomposition of the overall effort into the various activities that make up the whole process.
3. APPROACHING THE MAINTENANCE ISSUE
Maintenance is a complicated and structured process. In his textbook, Estimating Software Intensive Systems, Richard Stuzke outlines the typical software maintenance process. It is apparent that the process is more than just writing new code.
The following checklist can be used to explore the realism and accuracy of maintenance requirements.
Which pieces of software will be maintained?
How long will the system need to be maintained?
Are you estimating the entire maintenance problem, or just incremental maintenance?
What level of maintenance is required?
Is that which is being called maintenance in fact a new development project?
Who will do the maintenance? Will it be done organically by the original developer? Will there be a separate team?
Will there be a separate organization?
Will maintainers be using the same tools used during development? Are any proprietary tools required for maintenance?
How much Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) is there? How tightly coupled are the interfaces?
Some follow-on development may be disguised as maintenance. This will either inflate maintenance figures, or else cause shortfalls if basic maintenance gets pushed aside. These questions will help you ask whether maintenance is being honestly represented.
Is the activity really an incremental improvement?
Are healthy chunks of the original code being rewritten or changed?
Will additional staff be brought in to perform the upgrade?
Is the maintenance effort schedule regular and fairly flat, or does it contain staffing humps that look like new development?
4. SANITY CHECKS
Although sanity checks should be sought on a year-by-year basis, they should not be attempted for overall development. The reason for this is that maintenance activities can be carried on indefinitely, rendering any life-cycle rules useless. As an example, consider Grady (p. 17):
We spend about 2 to 3 times as much effort maintaining and enhancing software as we spend creating new software.
This and similar observations apply at an organizational level and higher, but not for a specific project. Any development group with a history will be embroiled in the long tail ends of their many delivered projects, still needing indefinite attention. Here are a few quick sanity checks:
One maintainer can handle about 10,000 lines per year.
Overall life-cycle effort is typically 40% development and 60% maintenance.
Maintenance costs on average are one-sixth of yearly development costs.
Successful systems are usually maintained for 10 to 20 years.
Finally, as in development, the amount of code that is new versus modified makes a difference. The effective size, that is, the equivalent effort if all the work were new code, is still the key input for both development and maintenance cost estimation.
5. FIVE ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
All software estimation techniques must be able to model the theory and the likely real world result. The real world scenario is that over time, the overlay of changes upon changes makes software increasingly difficult to maintain and thus less useful. Maintenance effort estimation techniques range from the simplistic level of effort method, through more thoughtful analysis and development practice modifications, to the use of parametric models in order to use historical data to project future needs.
5.1 Level of Effort
As is sometimes the case in the development environment, software maintenance can be modeled as a level of effort activity. Given the repair category activities and the great variance that they show, this approach clearly has deficiencies. In this approach, a level of effort to maintain software is based on size and type.
5.2 Level of Effort Plus
Stuzke proposed that software maintenance starts with basic level of effort (minimum people needed to have a core competency and then that that basic core staff must be modified by assessing three additional factors; configuration management, quality assurance, and project management. His process addressed some of the additional factors affecting software maintenance.
5.3 Maintenance Change Factor
Software Cost Estimation with COCOMO II (Boehm 2000) proposes a deceivingly simple, but also quite useful methodology for determining annual maintenance. Maintenance is one of the menu selections in the menu bar. In COCOMO II Maintenance encompasses the process of modifying existing operational software while leaving its primary functions intact. This process excludes:
Major re-design and re-development (more than 50% new code) of a new software product performing substantially the same functions.
Design and development of a sizeable (more than 20% of the source instructions comprising the existing product)
interfacing software package which requires relatively little redesigning of the existing product.
Data processing system operations, data entry, and modification of values in the database.
The maintenance calculations are heavily based upon the Maintenance Change Factor (MCF) and the Maintenance Adjustment Factor (MAF). The MCF is similar to the Annual change Traffic in COCOMO81, except that maintenance periods other than a year can be used. The resulting maintenance effort estimation formula is the same as the COCOMO II Post Architecture development model.
As stated previously, three cost drivers for maintenance differ from development. Those cost drivers are software reliability, modern programming practices, and schedule. COCOMO II assumes that increased investment in software reliability and use of modern programming practices during software development has a strong positive effect upon the maintenance stage.
Annual Maintenance Effort = (Annual Change Traffic) * (Original Software Development Effort)
The quantity Original Software Development Effort refers to the total effort (person-months or other unit of measure) expended throughout development, even if a multi-year project.
The multiplier Annual Change Traffic is the proportion of the overall software to be modified during the year. This is relatively easy to obtain from engineering estimates. Developers often maintain change lists, or have a sense of proportional change to be required even before development is complete.
5.4 Managing Software Maintenance Costs by Developmental Techniques and Management Decisions During Development When it comes to maintenance, “a penny spent is a pound saved.” Better development practices (even if more expensive) can significantly reduce maintenance effort, and reduce overall life cycle cost. The more effort put into development, the less required in maintenance. As an example, the software development cost and schedule can be significantly impacted (reduced) by letting the number of defects delivered grow. This cost and schedule reduction is more than offset by the increase in maintenance cost. The following discussion is an example of how management decision can significantly affect/reduce software maintenance costs.
Lloyd Huff and George Novak of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics in their paper “Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Performance Based Software Sustainment for the F-35 Lightning II” propose a series of development and management decision designed to impact and reduce software maintenance costs. They propose an eight step process to estimate and control software maintenance . Their proposed steps are:
1. Strive for Commonality
2. Apply Industrial Engineering Practices to Software
3. Engage
4. Adopt a Holistic Approach to Sustainment
5. Develop Highly Maintainable Systems and Software
6. Manage the Off-the-Shelf Software
7. Plan for the Unexpected
8. Analyze and Refine the Software Sustainment Business Case (use Parametric software sustainment cost estimates)
5.5 A Parametric Assessment of Software Maintenance
Parametric models like SEER for Software allow maintenance to be modeled in either of two ways:
Estimating maintenance as a part of the total lifecycle cost. Choosing the appropriate Maintenance category parameters will include an estimate of maintenance effort with the development estimate for the individual software program. Several reports and charts show breakdowns of development vs. maintenance effort. This method is best used to evaluate life cycle costs for each individual software program.
Estimating maintenance as a separate activity. Using the appropriate maintenance parameters for the software to be maintained you can model the maintenance effort as a separate activity. This method will allow you to fine tune your maintenance estimate by adjusting parameters. Maintenance size should be the same as development size, but should be entered as all pre-existing code. This method can also be useful in breaking out total project maintenance costs from project development costs.
A good parametric estimate for maintenance includes a wide range of information. Critical information for completing a software maintenance estimate is the size or amount of software that will be maintained, the quality of that software, the quality and availability of the documentation, and the type or amount of maintenance that will be done. Many organizations don’t actually estimate maintenance costs; they simply have a budget for software maintenance. In this case, a parametric model should be used to compute how much maintenance can actually be performed with the given budget.
Estimating and planning for maintenance are critical activities if the software is required to function properly throughout its expected life. Even with a limited budget, a plan can be made to use the resources available in the most efficient, productive manner. Looking at the diagram above, you can see that not only are the multiple inputs that impact the maintenance, but there are several key outputs that provide the information necessary to plan a successful maintenance effort.
6. Conclusion
The conclusions of this article are:
Software maintenance can be modeled using a simplistic method like Level of Effort Staffing, but this technique has significant drawbacks.
Software maintenance costs can be significantly affected by management decisions during the developmental process.
Software maintenance can be accurately estimated using parametric processes.
Software maintenance is best modeled when development and management decisions are coupled with parametric cost estimation techniques.
REFERENCES
[1]Software Maintenance Concepts and Practices (second Edition) by Penny Grubb and Armstrong Takang, World Scientific, 2005.
[2]Estimating Software Intensive Systems; Richard Stuzke, 2005, Addison-Wesley.
[3]Lloyd Huff, George Novak; Lockheed Martin Aeronautics; Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Performance Based Software Sustainment for the F-35 Lightning II.
[4]G. Edward Bryan, “CP-6: Quality and Productivity Measures in the 15-Year Life Cycle of an Operating System,” Software Quality Journal 2, 129-144, June 1993.
[5] Software Sizing, Estimation, and Risk Management; Daniel D. Galorath, Michael W. Evans, 2006, Auerbach Publications.